[ 考題 105 台大財金所 經濟分析 第 8 題 ]
Suppose that Intel has a monopoly in the market for computer chips. In order to produce X computer chips, it costs Intel The demand for computer chips is
( a ) Tota1 surplus is maximized in the computer chip market when the level of output is .
( b ) If the government subsidized Intel s for every unit of computer chips produced. The surplus-maximizing choice of subsidy induces Intel to produce the efficient number of chips from part (a). And a subsidy of per unit is required.
[ 解答 ]
( a ) 若要極大社會總剩餘,則此決策應為,其中價格即為反供給函數,可改寫為,由一階條件可得,故最適產量 。
( b ) 若廠商要補助獨占者達成社會總剩餘極大時的產量,則單位補助額應等於「在最適數量下,價格與邊際收益之間的差距」,即 ,故單位補貼額。
(註)此題補貼獨占者至社會福利最大,為「次佳理論( second best theory )」的概念,此題若要廠商生產至最適數量,其邊際收益與邊際成本皆為 -16 ,表示政府要大額補貼至負的邊際成本,才可以達成此政策目的。
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